Mechanisms of Aging

Genetics of aging is generally concerned with life extension associated with genetic alterations, rather than with accelerated aging diseases leading to reduction in lifespan. The role of genetics in determining life-span is complex and paradoxical. Although the heritability of life-span is relatively minor, some genetic variants significantly modify senescence of mammals and invertebrates, with both positive and negative impacts on age-related diseases and life-spans.Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that prevent them from deteriorating or fusing with other chromosomes. Each time a cell divides, its telomeres shorten, and eventually, the telomeres become too short to protect the chromosomes, leading to cellular senescence or apoptosis (programmed cell death). This process limits the number of times a cell can divide, contributing to the aging of tissues and organs. In this context, telomere shortening is linked to age-related diseases such as heart disease .

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